Internal Combustion Engines
The fuel valve in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

Opens at 15° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
May open and close anywhere
Opens at 15° before top dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The injector nozzle of a compression ignition engine is required to inject fuel at a sufficiently high pressure in order to

Inject fuel in a chamber of high pressure at the end of compression stroke
All of these
Inject fuel at a high velocity to facilitate atomization
Ensure that penetration is not high

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