Internal Combustion Engines
The fuel valve in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
May open and close anywhere
Opens at 15° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
Opens at 15° before top dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The delay period in compression ignition engines depends upon

Temperature and pressure in the cylinder at the time of injection
Nature of the fuel mixture strength
All of these
Relative velocity between the fuel injection and air turbulence pressure of residual gases

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Internal Combustion Engines
Scavenging air in diesel engine means

Burnt air containing products of combustion
Air used for forcing burnt gases out of engine's cylinder during the exhaust period
Forced air for cooling cylinder
Air used for combustion sent under pressure

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