Internal Combustion Engines
The fuel valve in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

Opens at 15° before top dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Opens at 15° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The correct sequence of the decreasing order of brake thermal efficiency of the three given basic types of engines is

Two stroke S.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine, four stroke C.I. engine
Four stroke C.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine
Four stroke C.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine
Four stroke S.I. engine, four stroke C.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine

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