Internal Combustion Engines
Compression ratio of I.C. Engines is

Ratio of pressure after compression and before compression
Volume displaced by piston per stroke and clearance volume in cylinder
The ratio of volumes of air in cylinder before compression stroke and after compression stroke
Swept volume/cylinder volume

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve

Opens at 30° after bottom dead centre and closes at 10° before top dead centre
Opens at 30° before bottom dead centre and closes at 10° after top dead centre
Opens at bottom dead centre and closes at top dead centre
May open and close anywhere

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