Microbiology of Soils
Denitrification is

reduction of nitrate to organic nitrogen compounds
changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds
reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas
both (a) and (b)

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen fixation by the microorganisms can be detected by adopting the approach of

All of these
measuring15N2 by mass spectrometer
cultivating the microorganisms in the presence of nitrogen labeled with isotropic nitrogen
demonstrating growth in a nitrogen free medium

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