Microbiology of Soils
Which of the following fungi on infecting crop roots can improve their uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients?

Aspergillus niger
Candida torulopsis
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
VA Mycorrhiza

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Microbiology of Soils
Denitrification is

reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas
both (a) and (b)
changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds
reduction of nitrate to organic nitrogen compounds

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen fixation

especially changes nitrogen compounds, mostly amines such as NH2
changes the free nitrogen (N2) to a form usable by plants
fix the free nitrogen (N2) by which it should not be usable by plants
both (a) and (b)

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Microbiology of Soils
A heterocyst is

a cell that carries out oxygenic photosynthesis
a terminally differentiated cell that fixes nitrogen
a type of spore
the progenitor of cyanobacterial vegetative cells

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