Machine Design
The objective of 'crowning' of the flat pulleys of belt drive is to

Increase the power transmission capacity
Increase the belt velocity
Prevent the belt from running off the pulley
Prevent the belt joint from damaging the belt surface

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Machine Design
Stress concentration is caused due to

All of these
Variation in properties of material from point to point in a member
Pitting at points or areas at which loads on a member are applied
Abrupt change of section

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