RCC Structures Design
The minimum clear cover for R.C.C. columns shall be

Smaller of 25 mm or diameter
Greater of 25 mm or diameter
Smaller of 40 mm or diameter
Greater of 40 mm or diameter

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RCC Structures Design
In a beam the local bond stress Sb, is equal to

Leaver arm/(Bending moment × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Total perimeter of reinforcement/(Leaver arm × Shear force)
Shear force/(Leaver arm × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Leaver arm/(Shear force × Total perimeter of reinforcement)

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RCC Structures Design
If the length of a combined footing for two columns l meters apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed load, is (where x̅ is the distance of centre of gravity of column loads).

y = L/2 - (l - x̅)
y = L/2 + (l - x̅)
y = L/2 - (l + x̅)
y = L - (l - x̅)

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