RCC Structures Design
If the size of a column is reduced above the floor, the main bars of the columns, are

Bent inward at the floor level
Stopped just below the floor level and separate lap bars provided
Continued up
All of the listed here

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RCC Structures Design
An R.C.C. lintel is spanning an opening of 2 m span in a brick wall. The height of the roof is 2.9 m above the floor level and that of the opening is 2.1 m above the floor level. The lintel is to be designed for self weight plus

UDL of wall + load from the roof
Triangular load + load from the roof
UDL of wall
Triangular load of the wall

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RCC Structures Design
Based on punching shear consideration, the overall depth of a combined footing under a column A, is

(Area of the column A × Safe punching stress)/Load on column A
(Perimeter of column A × Safe punching stress)/(Load on column A + Upward pressure × Area of the column)
None of these
(Perimeter of column A × Safe punching stress)/(Load on column A × Upward pressure × Area of the column)

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