RCC Structures Design
If p₁ and p₂ are mutually perpendicular principal stresses acting on a soil mass, the normal stress on any plane inclined at angle θ° to the principal plane carrying the principal stress p₁, is:

[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] sin 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] sin 2θ

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RCC Structures Design
In a beam the local bond stress Sb, is equal to

Leaver arm/(Bending moment × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Leaver arm/(Shear force × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Total perimeter of reinforcement/(Leaver arm × Shear force)
Shear force/(Leaver arm × Total perimeter of reinforcement)

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