RCC Structures Design
In a beam the local bond stress Sb, is equal to

Total perimeter of reinforcement/(Leaver arm × Shear force)
Leaver arm/(Shear force × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Leaver arm/(Bending moment × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Shear force/(Leaver arm × Total perimeter of reinforcement)

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RCC Structures Design
If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight 'w' per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is

h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = (W/Aw) [(1 + sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = √(W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²

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RCC Structures Design
The self-weight of the footing, is

Not considered for calculating the upward pressure on footing
Not considered for calculating the area of the footing
Also considered for calculating the upward pressure on footing
Both (b) and (c)

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