RCC Structures Design
If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight 'w' per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is

h = √(W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = (W/Aw) [(1 + sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]

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RCC Structures Design
Pick up the incorrect statement from the following: Tensile reinforcement bars of a rectangular beam

Are bent down at suitable places to serve as shear reinforcement
Are maintained at bottom to provide at least local bond stress
Are bent up at suitable places to serve as shear reinforcement
Are curtailed if not required to resist the bending moment

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