RCC Structures Design
Total pressure on the vertical face of a retaining wall of height ‘h’ per unit run exerted by the retained earth weighing ‘w’ per unit volume, is

wh² [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
wh² [(1 - sin φ)/3(1 + sin φ)]
wh² [(1 - sin φ)/2(1 + sin φ)]
wh [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]

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RCC Structures Design
According to I.S. : 456, slabs which span in two directions with corners held down, are assumed to be divided in each direction into middle strips and edge strips such that the width of the middle strip, is

Two-third of the width of the slab
Three-fourth of the width of the slab
Half of the width of the slab
Four-fifth of the width of the slab

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