RCC Structures Design
If d is the diameter of a bar, ft is allowable tensile stress and fb, is allowable bond stress, the bond length is given by

π ft .d²/fb
ft .d/4fb
(π/4). (ft .d/fb)
(π/4). (ft .d3/fb)

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RCC Structures Design
If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight 'w' per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is

h = √(W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = (W/Aw) [(1 + sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]

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