Theory of Machine
The maximum fluctuation of energy is the

Ratio of the mean resisting torque to the work-done per cycle
Sum of the maximum and minimum energies
Variations of energy above and below the mean resisting torque line
Difference between the maximum and minimum energies

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, one method of obtaining the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve is by increasing the angle of advance of the eccentric while the throw of the eccentric, steam lap and exhaust lap are kept constant. This method will

Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
All of these
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston

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