Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
cell specialization and communication between cells
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?

It is in the heart muscle
It is incapable of signal transduction
It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule
It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

All of these
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor
involves the activation of a G protein

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