Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The loss of head due to viscosity for laminar flow in pipes is (where d = Diameter of pipe, l = Length of pipe, v = Velocity of the liquid in the pipe, μ = Viscosity of the liquid, and w = Specific weight of the flowing liquid)

4μvl/wd²
8μvl/wd²
16μvl/wd²
32μvl/wd²

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A glass tube of smaller diameter is used while performing an experiment for the capillary rise of water because

Glass tube is cheaper than a metallic tube
It is not possible to conduct this experiment with any other tube
All of these
It is easier to see through the glass tube

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)

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