Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A floating body is said to be in a state of stable equilibrium

only when its centre of gravity is below its centre of buoyancy
when the metacentre is above the centre of gravity
when its metacentric height is zero
when the metacentre is below the centre of gravity

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A compound pipe of diameter d1, d2 and d3 having lengths l1, l2 and l3 is to be replaced by an equivalent pipe of uniform diameter d and of the same length (l) as that of the compound pipe. The size of the equivalent pipe is given by

l/d⁴ = (l₁/d₁⁴) + (l₂/d₂⁴) + (l₃/d₃⁴)
l/d⁵ = (l₁/d₁⁵) + (l₂/d₂⁵) + (l₃/d₃⁵)
l/d² = (l₁/d₁²) + (l₂/d₂²) + (l₃/d₃²)
l/d³ = (l₁/d₁³) + (l₂/d₂³) + (l₃/d₃³)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Venturimeter is used to

Measure the pressure of a flowing liquid
Measure the velocity of a flowing liquid
Measure the pressure difference of liquid flowing between two points in a pipe line
Measure the discharge of liquid flowing in a pipe

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