Airport Engineering
Effective length of a runway is the distance between

Ends of the runway
Ends of the clear way on either side
Point of intersection of the glide path and the extended plane of the runway surface and the other end of the runway
Point of intersection of the obstruction clearance line and the extended plane of the runway surface, and the other end of the runway

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Airport Engineering
Speed of

Sound varies 2.4 kmph per degree centigrade rise in temperature
All listed here
Sound at 0°C is called one Mach
Sound at 0°C is 1190 kmph

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Airport Engineering
Castor angle is defined as the angle

Between the direction of wind and the longitudinal axis of the runway
Between the horizontal and the fuselage axis
Formed by the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and the direction of movement of the nose gear
Between the true speed of the aircraft and the crosswind component

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