Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The purpose of a surge tank is

To regulate flow of water to turbines by providing necessary retarding head of water
To eliminate water hammer possibilities
All of these
To control the pressure variations due to rapid changes in the pipe line flow

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A compound pipe of diameter d1, d2 and d3 having lengths l1, l2 and l3 is to be replaced by an equivalent pipe of uniform diameter d and of the same length (l) as that of the compound pipe. The size of the equivalent pipe is given by

l/d² = (l₁/d₁²) + (l₂/d₂²) + (l₃/d₃²)
l/d³ = (l₁/d₁³) + (l₂/d₂³) + (l₃/d₃³)
l/d⁴ = (l₁/d₁⁴) + (l₂/d₂⁴) + (l₃/d₃⁴)
l/d⁵ = (l₁/d₁⁵) + (l₂/d₂⁵) + (l₃/d₃⁵)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Reynolds number is significant in

full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc
All of these
simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of dis-continuity, gravity forces, and wave making effect, as with ship’s hulls
supersonics, as with projectile and jet propulsion

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