Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The force exerted (in Newton) by a jet of water impinging normally on a fixed plate is (where w = Specific weight of water in N/m3, a = Cross-sectional area of jet in m², and V = Velocity of jet in m/s)

waV² / g
waV² / 2g
waV / 2g
waV / g

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The purpose of a surge tank is

To control the pressure variations due to rapid changes in the pipe line flow
To regulate flow of water to turbines by providing necessary retarding head of water
To eliminate water hammer possibilities
All of these

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