Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of contraction is the ratio of

Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a channel of trapezoidal section is maximum when

The sloping side is equal to the width at the bottom
The sloping side is equal to half the width at the top
Width of channel at the top is equal to twice the width at the bottom
Depth of channel is equal to the width at the bottom

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