Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Braking jet in an impulse turbine is used

To break the jet of water
None of these
To bring the runner to rest in a short time
To change the direction of runner

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The depth of centre of pressure (h) for a vertically immersed surface from the liquid surface is given by (where IG = Moment of inertia of the immersed surface about horizontal axis through its centre of gravity, A = Area of immersed surface, and x = Depth of centre of gravity of the immersed surface from the liquid surface)

(IG/Ax̅) + x̅
(IG/x̅) - Ax̅
(IG/Ax̅) - x̅
(Ax̅/IG) + x̅

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The flow ratio of Francis turbine is defined as the ratio of the

Velocity of flow at inlet to the theoretical jet velocity
Velocity of runner at inlet to the velocity of flow at inlet
None of these
Theoretical velocity of jet to the velocity of flow at inlet

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