Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the inlet valve

Opens at 20° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 40° after bottom dead center
May open and close anywhere

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