Internal Combustion Engines
A fuel of cetane number 40 has the same ignition quality as a mixture of

40% alpha methyl naphthalene and 60% cetane
40% petrol and 60% diesel
40% cetane and 60% alpha methyl naphthalene
40% diesel and 60% petrol

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engine the inlet valve

May open or close anywhere
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The expansion of fuel in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

Starts at 15° after top dead center and ends at 30° before bottom dead center
Starts at 15° before top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Starts at top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve

Opens at 30° before bottom dead centre and closes at 10° after top dead centre
Opens at 30° after bottom dead centre and closes at 10° before top dead centre
Opens at bottom dead centre and closes at top dead centre
May open and close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the inlet valve

May open and close anywhere
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 40° after bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center

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