Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall tray efficiency of a distillation column is the ratio of the number of

Ideal trays required to the number of real trays required
Overall gas transfer units to the number of ideal trays required
Real trays required to the number of ideal trays required
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter
Results in higher shell side pressure drop
Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient
Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid

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