Process Equipment and Plant Design
In actual operation of a bubble cap distillation tower, the __________ at the bottom of the tower is more than that at the top of the tower.

Molal flow rate of vapour
All of these
Vapour molecular weight
Pressure and temperature

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Smoker's equation for the calculation of number of equilibrium stages in a continuous binary distillation column is used, when the

Number of equilibrium stages required is likely to be very small
Feed is not at its bubble point
Number of equilibrium stages in only stripping section is to be calculated
Relative volatility is close to one (e.g., separation of close boiling isomers)

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