Process Equipment and Plant Design
In actual operation of a bubble cap distillation tower, the __________ at the bottom of the tower is more than that at the top of the tower.

Pressure and temperature
Molal flow rate of vapour
All of these
Vapour molecular weight

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design

Only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel
Only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel
Only if the opening is on spherical vessel
Irrespective of the shape of the vessel

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