Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hydraulic gradient line lies over the centre line of the pipe by an amount equal to the

Pressure head + velocity head
Pressure head
Velocity head
Pressure head - velocity head

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hydraulic efficiency of a reaction turbine, is the ratio of

Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
Work-done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine
None of these
Actual work available at the turbine to energy imparted to the wheel

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