Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Reciprocating pumps are no more to be seen in industrial applications (in comparison to centrifugal pumps) because of

High initial and maintenance cost
Necessity of air vessel
Lower speed of operation
Lower discharge

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The total head of a liquid particle in motion is equal to

Pressure head - (kinetic head + potential head)
Kinetic head - (pressure head + potential head)
Pressure head + kinetic head + potential head
Potential head - (pressure head + kinetic head)

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