Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The runaway speed of a hydraulic turbine is the speed

At which the turbine will run freely without load
At full load
Corresponding to maximum overload permissible
At which there will be no damage to the runner

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The total energy of a liquid particle in motion is equal to

Potential energy - (pressure energy + kinetic energy
Pressure energy + kinetic energy + potential energy
Kinetic energy - (pressure energy + potential energy)
Pressure energy - (kinetic energy + potential energy)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Reynolds number is significant in

simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of dis-continuity, gravity forces, and wave making effect, as with ship’s hulls
full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc
supersonics, as with projectile and jet propulsion
All of these

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The overall efficiency of a reaction turbine is the ratio of

Actual work available at the turbine to the energy imparted to the wheel
Work-done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine
Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
None of these

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