Theory of Machine
The following is the inversion of slider crank chain mechanism

All of these
Oscillating cylinder engine
Whitworth quick return mechanism
Hand pump

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

All of the listed here
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston

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