Theory of Machine
The velocity of piston in a reciprocating steam engine is given by (where ω = Angular velocity of crank, r = Radius of crank pin circle, θ = Angle turned by crank from inner dead center, and n = Ratio of length of connecting rod to the radius of crank)

ωr [sin θ + (sin 2θ/n)]
ωr [cos θ + (cos 2θ/n)]
ω²r [cos θ + (cos 2θ/n)]
ω²r [sin θ + (sin 2θ/n)]

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Theory of Machine
The maximum fluctuation of speed is the

Difference of minimum fluctuation of speed and the mean speed
Difference of the maximum and minimum speeds
Variations of speed above and below the mean resisting torque line
Sum of maximum and minimum speeds

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