Workshop Technology
The purpose of a gate is to

Delivers molten metal from pouring basin to gate
Act as a reservoir for the molten metal
Delivers molten metal into the mould cavity
Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage

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Workshop Technology
Shift is a casting defect which

Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting
Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting
Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting
Results in general enlargement of a casting

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Workshop Technology
Riddle is used for

Cleaning the moulding sand
Smoothing and cleaning out depressions in the mould
Reinforcement of sand in the top part of moulding box
Moistening the sand around the edge before removing pattern

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