Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The diameter of the nozzle (d) for maximum transmission of power is given by (where D = Diameter of pipe, f = Darcy’s coefficient of friction for pipe, and l = Length of pipe)

d = (D⁵/8fl)1/2
d = (D⁵/8fl)1/3
d = (D⁵/8fl)1/5
d = (D⁵/8fl)1/4

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The purpose of a surge tank is

To regulate flow of water to turbines by providing necessary retarding head of water
To control the pressure variations due to rapid changes in the pipe line flow
All of these
To eliminate water hammer possibilities

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