Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The diameter of the nozzle (d) for maximum transmission of power is given by (where D = Diameter of pipe, f = Darcy’s coefficient of friction for pipe, and l = Length of pipe)

d = (D⁵/8fl)1/3
d = (D⁵/8fl)1/4
d = (D⁵/8fl)1/2
d = (D⁵/8fl)1/5

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Slip of a reciprocating pump is negative, when

Suction pipe is short and delivery pipe is long and the pump is running at low speeds
Suction pipe is long and delivery pipe is short and the pump is running at high speeds
Suction pipe is short and pump is running at low speeds
Delivery pipe is long and pump is running at high speeds

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