Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The length AB of a pipe ABC in which the liquid is flowing has diameter (d1) and is suddenly enlarged to diameter (d2) at B which is constant for the length BC. The loss of head due to sudden enlargement is

(v₁² - v₂²)/g
(v₁ - v₂)²/2g
(v₁² - v₂²)/2g
(v₁ - v₂)²/g

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The function of guide vanes in a reaction turbine is to

All of the listed here
Allow the required quantity of water to enter the turbine
Allow the water to flow over them, without forming eddies
Allow the water to enter the runner without shock

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