Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The length AB of a pipe ABC in which the liquid is flowing has diameter (d1) and is suddenly enlarged to diameter (d2) at B which is constant for the length BC. The loss of head due to sudden enlargement is

(v₁² - v₂²)/g
(v₁ - v₂)²/g
(v₁ - v₂)²/2g
(v₁² - v₂²)/2g

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
For similarity, in addition to models being geometrically similar to prototype, the following in both cases should also be equal

all the four ratios of inertial force to force due to viscosity, gravitation, surface tension, and elasticity
ratio of inertial force to force due to gravitation
ratio of inertial force to force due to surface tension
ratio of inertial force to force due to viscosity

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hammer blow in pipes occurs when

The pipe bursts under high pressure of fluid
There is excessive leakage in the pipe
The flow of fluid through the pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing of the valve
The flow of fluid through the pipe is gradually brought to rest by closing of the valve

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP