Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
According to Darcy's formula, the loss of head due to friction in the pipe is (where f = Darcy's coefficient, l = Length of pipe, v = Velocity of liquid in pipe, and d = Diameter of pipe)

4flv²/2gd
flv²/2gd
flv²/gd
3flv²/2gd

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The flow ratio of Francis turbine is defined as the ratio of the

Velocity of flow at inlet to the theoretical jet velocity
Theoretical velocity of jet to the velocity of flow at inlet
Velocity of runner at inlet to the velocity of flow at inlet
None of these

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