Airport Engineering
The depressions and undulations in the pavement, are caused due to

Punching effect
Impact of heavy wheel loads
Improper compaction of sub-grade
All listed here

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Airport Engineering
Assertion A : Airport capacity during IFR conditions is usually less than that during VFR conditions.Reason R: During clear weather condition (VFR), the aircrafts on final approach to runway can be spaced closer during poor visibility conditions.Select your answer based on the coding system given below:

Both A and R is true but R is not the correct explanation of A
Both A and R is true and R is the correct explanation of A
A is true but R is false
A is false but R is true

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Airport Engineering
Castor angle is defined as the angle

Between the true speed of the aircraft and the crosswind component
Between the horizontal and the fuselage axis
Formed by the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and the direction of movement of the nose gear
Between the direction of wind and the longitudinal axis of the runway

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