Surveying
The declination and right ascension of the sun becomes 23° 27' S and 270° respectively on

December 22
March 21
September 21
June 21

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Surveying
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two
reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two
taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle
double sighting

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