Surveying
The angle between the observer's meridian and declination circle of a heavenly body, is known as

Declination
Hour angle
Right ascension
Azimuth

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Surveying
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two
reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two
taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle
double sighting

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