Surveying
The position of the sun when its north declination is maximum is known as

Autumnal equinox
Vernal equinox
Winter solstice
Summer solstice

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Surveying
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two
taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two
double sighting
taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle

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