Surveying
For any star to be a circumpolar star, its

Declination must be 0°
Distance from the pole must be less than the latitude of the observer
Declination must be 90°
Hour angle must be 180°

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Surveying
The rise and fall method

provides a check on the reduction of intermediate point levels
quicker and less tedious for large number of intermediate sights
is not suitable for levelling with tilting levels
is less accurate than height of instrument method

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