Surveying
For any star to be a circumpolar star, its

Hour angle must be 180°
Declination must be 90°
Distance from the pole must be less than the latitude of the observer
Declination must be 0°

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Surveying
Normal tension is that pull which

neutralizes the effect due to pull and sag
makes the correction due to sag equal to zero
is used at the time of standardising the tape
makes the correction due to pull equal to zero

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