Surveying
For any star to be a circumpolar star, its

Distance from the pole must be less than the latitude of the observer
Hour angle must be 180°
Declination must be 90°
Declination must be 0°

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Surveying
The First Point of Aeries

Is the point in the celestial sphere where zero meridian crosses the celestial equator
Is usually denoted by the Greek letter ?
All listed here
Is located near the very conspicuous rectangle of stars in the constellations of Pegasus and Andromeda

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Surveying
Refraction correction

adds to the curvature correction
has no effect on curvature correction
completely eliminates curvature correction
partially eliminates curvature correction

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