Surveying
The latitude of a place was obtained by subtracting the declination of a star from its zenith distance, the observed star was between

Horizon and equator
Zenith and pole
Equator and zenith
Pole and horizon

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Surveying
Dumpy level is most suitable when

many readings are to be taken from a single setting of the instrument
fly levelling is being done over long distance
All of these
the instrument is to be shifted frequently

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