Surveying
The rise and fall method

is not suitable for levelling with tilting levels
is less accurate than height of instrument method
provides a check on the reduction of intermediate point levels
quicker and less tedious for large number of intermediate sights

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Surveying
Normal tension is that pull which

is used at the time of standardising the tape
neutralizes the effect due to pull and sag
makes the correction due to pull equal to zero
makes the correction due to sag equal to zero

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Surveying
Homologous points are

Nodal points of the camera lens
Corresponding points on the ground and photograph
Opposite corners of a photograph
Plumb points of stereo pair of photographs

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