Surveying
The rise and fall method

quicker and less tedious for large number of intermediate sights
provides a check on the reduction of intermediate point levels
is not suitable for levelling with tilting levels
is less accurate than height of instrument method

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Surveying
The difference between a level line and a horizontal line is that

level line is a curved line while hori-zontal line is a straight line
both are same
horizontal line is normal to plumb line while level line may not be normal to the plumb line
level line is normal to plumb line while horizontal line may not be normal to plumb line at the tangent point to level line

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Surveying
The length of a chain is measured from

outside of one handle to outside of other handle
centre of one handle to centre of other handle
outside of one handle to inside of other handle
inside of one handle to inside of other handle

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