Surveying
To avoid large centering error with very short legs, observations are generally made

To a target fixed on theodolite tripod on which theodolite may be fitted easily
By using optical system for centering the theodolite
To chain pins
All listed here

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Surveying
A ’level line’ is a

line passing through the objective lens and the eye-piece of a dumpy or tilting level
horizontal line
line parallel to the mean spheriodal surface of earth
line passing through the center of cross hairs and the center of eye piece

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