Surveying
To avoid large centering error with very short legs, observations are generally made

All listed here
To chain pins
To a target fixed on theodolite tripod on which theodolite may be fitted easily
By using optical system for centering the theodolite

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Surveying
Which of the following errors can be eliminated by taking mean of bot face observations ?

error due to imperfect graduations
error due to line of collimation not being perpendicular to horizontal axis
error due to imperfect adjustment of plate levels
error due to eccentricity of verniers

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Surveying
Theodolite is an instrument used for

tightening the capstan-headed nuts of level tube
measurement of both horizontal and vertical angles
measurement of vertical angles only
measurement of horizontal angles only

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