Surveying
Which of the following errors can be eliminated by taking mean of bot face observations ?

error due to line of collimation not being perpendicular to horizontal axis
error due to eccentricity of verniers
error due to imperfect adjustment of plate levels
error due to imperfect graduations

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Surveying
Bowditch rule is applied to

determine the effect of local attraction
None of these
a closed traverse for adjustment of closing error
an open traverse for graphical adjustment

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Surveying
The difference between a level line and a horizontal line is that

horizontal line is normal to plumb line while level line may not be normal to the plumb line
level line is a curved line while hori-zontal line is a straight line
level line is normal to plumb line while horizontal line may not be normal to plumb line at the tangent point to level line
both are same

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