Surveying
The length of a parallel of λ latitude between two meridians is equal to difference in longitudes multiplied by

sin λ
tan λ
cos λ
cot λ

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Surveying
Pick up the correct statement from the following. The difference between the longitudes of the places is obtained.

All of these
By subtracting the sum of their longitudes exceeding 180° from 360° if places are in different hemispheres
By adding their longitudes if places are in the different hemispheres
By subtracting their longitudes if places are in the same hemisphere

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation
None of these
error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis

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