Surveying
The length of a chain is measured from

outside of one handle to inside of other handle
centre of one handle to centre of other handle
inside of one handle to inside of other handle
outside of one handle to outside of other handle

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Surveying
Which of the following errors can be eliminated by taking mean of bot face observations ?

error due to imperfect adjustment of plate levels
error due to line of collimation not being perpendicular to horizontal axis
error due to imperfect graduations
error due to eccentricity of verniers

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