Surveying
The cross hairs in the surveying telescope are placed

midway between eye piece and objec-tive lens
much closer to the eye-piece than to the objective lens
anywhere between eye-piece and objective lens
much closer to the objective lens than to the eye piece

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Surveying
Systematic errors

All listed here
Are also known as cumulative errors
Can be removed by applying corrections to the observed values
Always follow some definite mathematical law

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Surveying
The rise and fall method

is less accurate than height of instrument method
quicker and less tedious for large number of intermediate sights
provides a check on the reduction of intermediate point levels
is not suitable for levelling with tilting levels

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Surveying
Which of the following errors can be eliminated by taking mean of bot face observations ?

error due to line of collimation not being perpendicular to horizontal axis
error due to imperfect adjustment of plate levels
error due to eccentricity of verniers
error due to imperfect graduations

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