Surveying
If the lower clamp screw is tightened and upper clamp screw is loosened, the theodolite may be rotated

on its inner spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate
on its inner spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate
on its outer spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and graduated scale of lower plate
on its outer spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and gra-duated scale of lower plate

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Surveying
Which of the following errors can be eliminated by taking mean of bot face observations ?

error due to eccentricity of verniers
error due to imperfect adjustment of plate levels
error due to line of collimation not being perpendicular to horizontal axis
error due to imperfect graduations

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