Surveying
If θ and δ be the latitude of an observer and declination of a heavenly body respectively, the upper culmination of the body will be south of zenith if its zenith distance, is

θ + δ
δ - θ
½ (θ - δ)
θ - δ

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Surveying
Sidereal day

All listed here
Is divided into the conventional hours, minutes and seconds
Is the period of time taken by the earth in making a complete rotation with reference to stars
Is slightly shorter than an ordinary solar day

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