Surveying
If θ and δ be the latitude of an observer and declination of a heavenly body respectively, the upper culmination of the body will be south of zenith if its zenith distance, is

δ - θ
½ (θ - δ)
θ - δ
θ + δ

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Surveying
The necessary geometrical condition for triangulation adjustment is:

The sum of the three angles of a plane triangle should be 180°
The sum of the eight angles of a braced quadrilateral should be 360°
The sum of the angles around a station should be 360°
All listed here

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