Surveying
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two
double sighting
taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle
reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two

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Surveying
The cross hairs in the surveying telescope are placed

midway between eye piece and objec-tive lens
much closer to the objective lens than to the eye piece
much closer to the eye-piece than to the objective lens
anywhere between eye-piece and objective lens

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