Surveying
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two
reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two
double sighting
taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle

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Surveying
Dumpy level is most suitable when

All of these
fly levelling is being done over long distance
many readings are to be taken from a single setting of the instrument
the instrument is to be shifted frequently

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