Surveying
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two
double sighting
taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two
taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis
index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
None of these
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation

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Surveying
Pick up the correct statement from the following. The difference between the longitudes of the places is obtained.

By adding their longitudes if places are in the different hemispheres
By subtracting their longitudes if places are in the same hemisphere
By subtracting the sum of their longitudes exceeding 180° from 360° if places are in different hemispheres
All of these

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Surveying
The length of a chain is measured from

outside of one handle to inside of other handle
inside of one handle to inside of other handle
centre of one handle to centre of other handle
outside of one handle to outside of other handle

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