Surveying
The scale of a tilted photograph of focal length f taken from an altitude H, along the plate parallel through principal point is

f/H sec θ
f/H cos ½θ
f sec θ/H
f/H

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Surveying
The meridian of a place is

A semi-circle which passes through the place and is terminated at the poles
An arc of the great circle which passes through the place and is perpendicular to the equator
A great circle passing through the place and the poles
A great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and it also passes through the place

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