Surveying
The scale of a tilted photograph of focal length f taken from an altitude H, along the plate parallel through principal point is

f/H cos ½θ
f sec θ/H
f/H
f/H sec θ

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Surveying
For mapping any country

All listed here
Geodetic triangulation of greatest possible sides and accuracy is carried out
Primary triangles are broken down into secondary triangles of somewhat lesser accuracy
Secondary triangles are further broken into third and fourth order triangles, the points of which are used for detail surveys

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